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  • English Pronouns
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    English Pronouns

    Notional grammars define pronouns as “small words that take the place of nouns and other grammatical forms.” Pronoun is a subcategory of the larger category of noun. A pronoun phrase, which is a type of noun phrase, consists of a pronoun plus any modifiers. Grammatical Forms Types of Pronouns: Personal, Indefinite, Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Relative […] More

  • Nominal Functions of English Verbs and Verb Phrases
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    Nominal Functions of English Verbs and Verb Phrases

    Traditional grammars define verbs as “action or state of being words.” Verb phrases are phrases that consist of a verb plus any modifiers, complements, particles, and auxiliaries. In addition to five primary functions, English verbs and verb phrases also perform seven nominal functions in English grammar. Nominal functions are grammatical functions prototypically performed by nouns, […] More

  • Using Noun Clauses as Prepositional Complements
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    Using Noun Clauses as Prepositional Complements

    A clause is a grammatical structure that consists of a subject and a predicate. A dependent or subordinate clause is a clause that cannot function independently as a complete sentence but that must appear with another independent or main clause. A noun clause is a type of dependent clause that performs a nominal function. In […] More

  • Nominal Functions of English Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
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    Nominal Functions of English Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

    Traditional grammars define prepositions as “words that indicate a relation between the noun or pronoun and another word, which may be a verb, an adjective, or another noun or pronoun.” Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition plus a prepositional phrase complement. In addition to six primary grammatical functions, prepositions and prepositional phrases perform six nominal […] More

  • Using Pronouns as Prepositional Complements
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    Using Pronouns as Prepositional Complements

    Traditional grammars define nouns as words that refer to people, places, things, and ideas. A subcategory of nouns, pronouns are words that take the place of nouns, noun phrases, noun clauses, and other grammatical forms. A noun phrase is a phrase that consists of a noun including a pronoun plus any modifiers, complements, or determiners. […] More

  • Grammatical Forms of English Prepositional Phrases
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    Grammatical Forms of English Prepositional Phrases

    A prepositional phrase is a phrase in which a preposition functions as the head of the phrase plus a prepositional complement. The four grammatical forms that appear within the internal structure of English prepositional phrases are: Noun phrases Verb phrases Noun clauses Prepositional phrases All four grammatical forms function as prepositional complements within prepositional phrases. […] More

  • The Prepositional Complement in English Grammar
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    The Prepositional Complement in English Grammar

    Prepositional complements are defined as the word, phrase, or clause that directly follows the preposition and completes the meaning of the prepositional phrase. Prepositional complements are also called objects of prepositions and complements of prepositions. Although noun phrases most frequently function as the prepositional complement in prepositional phrases, four grammatical forms can perform the grammatical […] More

  • Grammatical Functions of English Noun Clauses
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    Grammatical Functions of English Noun Clauses

    A noun clause is a dependent clause that consists of a subordinating conjunction followed by a clause and that performs a nominal function. Noun clauses perform nine grammatical functions in English grammar: Subject Subject complement Direct object Object complement Indirect object Prepositional complement Noun phrase complement Adjective phrase complement Appositive The following sections define and […] More

  • Present Participles of English Verbs
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    Present Participles of English Verbs

    Present participles, or -ing participles, are a nonfinite verb form in English that perform verbal, adjectival, and nominal functions. The following sections explain how to form present participles and how to use present participles in English and include examples to illustrate form and function. Present participles are also referred to as -ing participles, active participles, […] More

  • The English Relative Pronoun System
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    The English Relative Pronoun System

    Relative pronouns are both a type of pronoun that take the place of another word, phrase, or clause and a type of subordinating conjunction that introduce adjective, or relative, clauses. Adjective clauses perform the function of noun phrase modifier within noun phrases. The nine relative pronouns in English grammar are: who whom that which Ø […] More

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