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  • English Pronouns
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    English Pronouns

    Notional grammars define pronouns as “small words that take the place of nouns and other grammatical forms.” Pronoun is a subcategory of the larger category of noun. A pronoun phrase, which is a type of noun phrase, consists of a pronoun plus any modifiers. Grammatical Forms Types of Pronouns: Personal, Indefinite, Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Relative […] More

  • Nominal Functions of English Verbs and Verb Phrases
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    Nominal Functions of English Verbs and Verb Phrases

    Traditional grammars define verbs as “action or state of being words.” Verb phrases are phrases that consist of a verb plus any modifiers, complements, particles, and auxiliaries. In addition to five primary functions, English verbs and verb phrases also perform seven nominal functions in English grammar. Nominal functions are grammatical functions prototypically performed by nouns, […] More

  • The Predicate Adjective in English Grammar
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    The Predicate Adjective in English Grammar

    Predicate adjectives are defined as adjectival grammatical forms that perform the grammatical function of subject complement. Subject complements are words, phrases, and clauses that follow a copular, or linking, verb and refer back to modify, describe, or complete the grammatical subject of the clause. Subject complements are grammatical constituents embedded in the predicate of a […] More

  • The Predicate Nominative in English Grammar
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    The Predicate Nominative in English Grammar

    Predicate nominatives, or predicate nouns, are defined as nominal grammatical forms that perform the grammatical function of subject complement. Subject complements are words, phrases, and clauses that follow a copular, or linking, verb and refer back to modify, describe, or complete the grammatical subject of the clause. Subject complements are grammatical constituents embedded in the […] More

  • Nominal Functions of English Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
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    Nominal Functions of English Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

    Traditional grammars define prepositions as “words that indicate a relation between the noun or pronoun and another word, which may be a verb, an adjective, or another noun or pronoun.” Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition plus a prepositional phrase complement. In addition to six primary grammatical functions, prepositions and prepositional phrases perform six nominal […] More

  • Using Noun Clauses as Subject Complements
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    Using Noun Clauses as Subject Complements

    Clauses are grammatical structures that consist of a subject and a predicate. Dependent or subordinate clauses are clauses that cannot function independently as complete sentences but that must appear with another independent or main clause. Noun clauses are a type of dependent clause that perform nominal functions. In grammar, a subject complement is a word, […] More

  • Using Pronouns as Subject Complements
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    Using Pronouns as Subject Complements

    Traditional grammars define nouns as naming people, places, things, and ideas. Noun phrases consist of a noun including a pronoun and any modifiers, complements, and determiners that provide more information about the noun or pronoun. A pronoun is word that takes the place of a noun, noun phrase, noun clause, or other nominal form. Pronouns […] More

  • English Irregular Verbs: Simple Past and Past Participles
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    English Irregular Verbs: Simple Past and Past Participles

    Irregular English verbs are verbs whose conjugations differ from the conjugation patterns of regular verbs. Many common English verbs are irregular in the simple past and the past participle. Irregular verbs are verbs in Germanic languages that express the simple past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel (ablaut). Irregular verbs are also referred […] More

  • Grammatical Functions of English Noun Clauses
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    Grammatical Functions of English Noun Clauses

    A noun clause is a dependent clause that consists of a subordinating conjunction followed by a clause and that performs a nominal function. Noun clauses perform nine grammatical functions in English grammar: Subject Subject complement Direct object Object complement Indirect object Prepositional complement Noun phrase complement Adjective phrase complement Appositive The following sections define and […] More

  • Past Participles of Irregular English Verbs
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    Past Participles of Irregular English Verbs

    Past participles, or -en participles, are a nonfinite verb form in English that perform verbal and adjectival functions. The following sections explain how to form past participles of irregular English verbs including anomalous and how to use past participles in English and include examples to illustrate form and function. Past participles are also referred to […] More

  • Past Participles of Regular English Verbs
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    Past Participles of Regular English Verbs

    Past participles, or -en participles, are a nonfinite verb form in English that perform verbal and adjectival functions. The following sections explain how to form past participles of regular English verbs and how to use past participles in English and include examples to illustrate form and function. Past participles are also referred to as -en […] More

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