A new Stanford University study suggests that persistent math difficulties may involve more than trouble understanding numbers or memorizing multiplication tables. Researchers found that some children struggle with the mental flexibility needed to change problem-solving strategies, offering new clues about why math can be particularly challenging for certain students.
The study, published in The Journal of Neuroscience, examined 68 children between the ages of 8 and 10, including children with developmental dyscalculia, a learning disability that affects mathematical understanding. Researchers found that children with dyscalculia were slower to switch problem-solving strategies and less able to adjust when problems became more difficult.
The findings suggest that math struggles can involve executive functions, including attention, memory, and cognitive flexibility. These abilities help children recognize when an approach isn’t working and decide how to solve a problem differently.
Lead researcher Oliver Lasnick and his colleagues also identified distinctive patterns of brain activity associated with children’s mathematical abilities. Lasnick noted that the research highlights “the individual variability observed in dyscalculia,” suggesting that different children can experience different challenges.
How Many American Kids Struggle With Math?
Math difficulties affect a significant number of American students. Approximately 30% of the U.S. population experiences math difficulties, while up to 14% of children may have dyscalculia.
Academic performance statistics are also concerning. Only 26% of American eighth-graders demonstrated math proficiency in 2022, down from 34% in 2019. The numbers highlight why identifying learning difficulties and providing additional support are important.
How Can Parents Help Kids Who Struggle With Math?
Parents can make math less intimidating by incorporating it into everyday activities. Shopping, cooking, counting money, and measuring ingredients provide opportunities to practice mathematical concepts without the pressure of a traditional classroom.
Experts suggest research-backed strategies, including using number lines, visual aids, physical objects, math vocabulary, and word problems. It also recommends structured instruction and short timed exercises to build confidence and strengthen basic skills.
Most importantly, parents should avoid making children feel that they’re simply bad at math. Offering encouragement, celebrating small improvements, and speaking with teachers about additional support can help children develop confidence and discover that mathematical ability can improve with practice.
