Recognizing the signs of preterm labor is crucial for expecting mothers. Preterm labor, defined as labor that begins before 37 weeks of pregnancy, can lead to premature birth, which may result in health complications for the baby. Early detection and prompt medical intervention can significantly improve outcomes for both mother and child.
Understanding the symptoms of preterm labor empowers women to seek timely care. By being vigilant and informed, expecting mothers can take proactive steps to ensure their well-being and that of their baby.
Common Signs of Preterm Labor
Preterm labor can present with various symptoms that may be subtle or resemble normal pregnancy discomforts. Being aware of these signs can help in early detection and management.
Uterine Contractions
Uterine contractions are the tightening and relaxing of the uterus muscles. They help push the baby through the birth canal by softening and widening the cervix. Contractions typically start mildly, feeling like menstrual cramps or abdominal pressure, and intensify and become more regular as labor progresses. Some contractions, called Braxton Hicks, are irregular “practice” contractions that don’t signal actual labor and usually ease with rest or movement.
Normal: Braxton Hicks contractions are irregular, unpredictable, and generally painless. They often ease up with movement or rest.
Concerning: True labor contractions become stronger, occur more frequently, and last longer. They may cause pain across the abdomen and lower back and be one of the signs of preterm labor.
Pelvic Pressure
Pelvic pressure is a sensation of heaviness or discomfort in the pelvic region. In the second and third trimesters, the combination of a weakening pelvic floor and increased weight putting pressure on the pelvis can cause vaginal pressure.
Normal: A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis is common as the baby grows, especially in the second and third trimesters.
Concerning: Intense or sudden pelvic pressure, especially if accompanied by cramping or back pain, may indicate preterm labor.
Lower Back Pain
Lower back pain during pregnancy is common due to hormonal changes, extra weight, and shifts in posture. The ligaments in your body naturally become softer and stretch to prepare you for labor. This can strain the joints of your lower back and pelvis, which can cause back pain.
Normal: Mild to moderate back pain is common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and weight gain.
Concerning: Persistent or severe lower back pain, especially if it’s rhythmic or accompanied by other symptoms like contractions, could be a sign of preterm labor.
Abdominal Cramps
Abdominal cramps are pains in the stomach area that can feel like menstrual cramps. They typically occur when the uterus expands, stretching the ligaments and muscles that support it.
Normal: Mild abdominal cramps can occur due to the stretching of ligaments and other normal changes that occur during pregnancy.
Concerning: Severe or persistent cramps, especially if accompanied by bleeding or watery discharge, should be evaluated by a healthcare provider as they be one of the signs of preterm labor
Changes in Vaginal Discharge
Vaginal discharge is a common and normal occurrence during pregnancy. It’s usually thin, clear, or milky white and should not smell unpleasant. An increase in discharge is typical due to higher levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Normal: An increase in clear or white discharge is typical during pregnancy.
Concerning: Green, yellow, or foul-smelling discharge may indicate an infection. A sudden increase in watery discharge could signal leaking amniotic fluid.
Fluid Leakage
Fluid leakage is the loss of amniotic fluid, which surrounds and protects the baby in the womb. Leaking amniotic fluid is mostly clear and odorless but may contain blood or mucus. It is usually a sign of labor. It can sometimes rupture prematurely, a condition known as premature rupture of membranes (PROM).
Normal: Occasional leakage of urine can occur due to pressure on the bladder.
Concerning: A continuous trickle or gush of clear fluid may indicate ruptured membranes, a sign of preterm labor.
Signs of Preterm Labor by Week of Pregnancy
Recognizing how signs of preterm labor vary by gestational age can aid in timely intervention. Here are some of the major signs of preterm labor to watch for from 28 weeks pregnant through 36 weeks pregnant.
At 28 to 31 Weeks Pregnant
During this period, signs such as persistent uterine contractions, pelvic pressure, and changes in vaginal discharge are particularly concerning. Immediate medical attention is crucial.
At 32 to 35 Weeks Pregnant
Symptoms like frequent contractions, lower back pain, and abdominal cramps become more significant. Prompt evaluation by a healthcare provider is advised.
At 36 Weeks Pregnant
While 36 weeks is close to full term, labor at this stage is still considered preterm. Signs to watch for include regular contractions, pelvic pressure, and changes in vaginal discharge. Remember, while you are now close to your due date, there are still signs of preterm labor that should warrant a doctor call or visit.
What To Do If You Notice Signs Of Preterm Labor
If you experience any signs of preterm labor, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Early intervention can help manage symptoms and potentially delay delivery, improving outcomes for your baby.
Being informed and attentive to your body’s signals is key to ensuring a healthy pregnancy. Always consult with your healthcare provider if you have concerns about preterm labor.
On a separate note, if you’re attempting to induce labor, check out our article on how to induce labor at home.
The information provided is for educational purposes only. It should not be a replacement for medical care or advice. This info is not intended to diagnose or replace medical treatment. Consult your doctor if you have any questions about preterm labor. If you are experiencing an emergency, contact 911 or arrange for alternative safe transportation to the nearest emergency room.