Baby acne, also known as neonatal acne, is a common skin condition that affects many newborns. It typically appears as small red or white bumps on a baby’s face, particularly on the cheeks, nose, and forehead.
While it can be concerning for parents, baby acne is usually harmless and resolves on its own. It typically resolves within weeks to a few months, with most cases clearing up by the time the baby is 3 to 4 months old.
Understanding what causes baby acne and what treatment options are available can help you care for your baby’s delicate skin with confidence.
What Causes Baby Acne?
The exact cause of baby acne isn’t fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. One of the primary causes is thought to be maternal hormones. During pregnancy, hormones from the mother cross the placenta and stimulate the baby’s oil glands, leading to clogged pores and acne. This type of acne is often referred to as neonatal acne and usually appears within the first few weeks of life.
Another possible cause is the baby’s immature skin. Newborn skin is still developing and may be more sensitive to irritants, such as saliva, milk, or fabric detergents, which can exacerbate acne. In some cases, baby acne may also be confused with other skin conditions, such as milia or eczema, so it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.
Impact of Irritants
Certain products, such as detergents, lotions, oils, or fabric softeners, can irritate a baby’s sensitive skin and worsen acne. Opt for hypoallergenic and fragrance-free products to reduce the risk of flare-ups.
Baby Acne Symptoms
Now that we know what causes baby acne, we need to understand the symptoms. Neonatal acne typically presents as small red or white bumps on the face, particularly on the cheeks, nose, and forehead. Unlike adult acne, it rarely causes discomfort or itching. The condition may worsen when the baby is fussy or overheated, as increased blood flow to the skin can make the bumps more noticeable.
It’s important to note that baby acne differs from infantile acne, which occurs in older babies (3 to 6 months old) and may require medical treatment. Infantile acne is less common and can sometimes lead to scarring if not properly managed.
How To Treat Baby Acne
In most cases, baby acne resolves on its own without treatment. However, there are steps you can take to care for your baby’s skin and prevent the condition from worsening:
- Keep the skin clean: Gently wash your baby’s face with warm water and a mild, fragrance-free baby cleanser. Avoid scrubbing or using harsh products, as this can irritate the skin.
- Avoid oily products: Lotions, creams, and oils can clog pores and worsen baby acne. If needed, stick to gentle, non-comedogenic products.
- Don’t pick or squeeze: Resist the urge to pop or squeeze the bumps, which can lead to irritation or infection.
- Pat the skin dry: After washing, gently pat your baby’s face dry with a soft towel. Rubbing can irritate the skin.
Avoid Over-The-Counter Products
Parents should avoid over-the-counter acne treatments, creams, or ointments without pediatric approval. These products are often too harsh for a baby’s delicate skin and can cause further irritation rather than helping with treatment.
If the acne persists or seems severe, consult your pediatrician. In rare cases, they may recommend a mild topical treatment to help clear the skin.
Sun Exposure
Protect your baby from excessive sun exposure, as UV rays can irritate sensitive skin and potentially worsen baby acne. Use a stroller shade or keep your baby in the shade when outdoors.
When To See A Doctor For Baby Acne
While baby acne is usually harmless, there are instances when you should seek medical advice. If the acne spreads to other parts of the body, becomes inflamed, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, it could indicate an underlying condition. Additionally, if the acne doesn’t improve after a few months, your pediatrician may want to rule out other skin conditions or infections.
Preventing Baby Acne
Preventing baby acne isn’t always possible, as it’s often linked to hormonal changes. However, you can minimize the risk of irritation by:
- Use gentle, fragrance-free products for your baby’s skin.
- Wash your baby’s face regularly to remove milk, saliva, or other irritants.
- Avoid rough fabrics or clothing that may rub against the skin.
Breastfeeding And Formula-Fed Babies
No significant evidence suggests that baby acne differs between breastfed and formula-fed infants. However, consult your pediatrician for personalized advice if you notice a correlation between feeding times and acne flare-ups. A flare-up could point to an allergic reaction or some other medical condition.
Baby acne is a common and usually temporary condition that affects many newborns. While it can be unsettling for parents, it’s important to remember that it’s typically harmless and resolves on its own. By keeping your baby’s skin clean and avoiding irritants, you can help manage the condition effectively. If you have concerns or the acne persists, don’t hesitate to reach out to your pediatrician for guidance.
We’ve also written an article about how to keep your child’s skin healthy in the winter, which goes well beyond their time as a newborn. And speaking of a baby’s skin, be sure to check out our article on the benefits of skin-to-skin contact with a newborn.
The information provided is for educational purposes only. It should not be a replacement for medical care or advice. This info is not intended to diagnose or replace medical treatment. Consult your doctor if you have any questions about baby acne. If your baby is experiencing an emergency, contact 911 or transport them to the nearest emergency room.